____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- United States Central Intelligence Agency (2011). "Antarctica". The World Factbook. Government of the United States. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
- Antarctica Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine. American Heritage Dictionary
- Crystal, David (2006). The Fight for English. Oxford University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-19-920764-0.
- Harper, Douglas. "Antarctic". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
- Fretwell, P.; Pritchard, H. D.; Vaughan, D. G.; Bamber, J. L.; Barrand, N. E.; et al. (28 February 2013). "Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica" (PDF). The Cryosphere. 7 (1): 390. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..375F. doi:10.5194/tc-7-375-2013. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- Cain, Fraser (12 June 2008). "What is the Driest Place on Earth?". Universe Today. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- "La Antártida" (in Spanish). Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
- Joyce, C. Alan (18 January 2007). "The World at a Glance: Surprising Facts". The World Almanac. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
- "Coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth in Antarctica: -94.7C (−135.8F)". The Guardian. Associated Press. 10 December 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
- Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "Antarktikos". In Crane, Gregory R. (ed.). A Greek–English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library. Tufts University. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- Hince, Bernadette (2000). The Antarctic Dictionary. CSIRO Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-9577471-1-1.
- "Did you know that the term Antarctic actually comes from "anti-Arctic"? | South Pole 1911–2011". nettarkiv.npolar.no. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- Aristotle Meteorologica. Book II, Part 5. 350 BCE. Translated by E. Webster. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1923. 140 pp.
- "Pioneers: British Antarctic Expedition 1910–1913" (PDF). United Kingdom Meteorological Office. 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- Hyginus. De astronomia. Ed. G. Viré. Stuttgart: Teubner, 1992. 176 pp.
- Apuleii. Opera omnia. Volumen tertium. London: Valpy, 1825. 544 pp.
- G. Chaucer. A Treatise on the Astrolabe. Approx. 1391. Ed. W. Skeat. London: N. Trübner, 1872. 188 pp.
- Matthias Ringmann, De Ora antarctica per regem Portugallie pridem inventa [The antarctic country discovered some time since by the King of Portugal], Strassburg, 1505.[1]
- Barth, Cyriaco Jacob zum (1545). Astronomia: Teutsch Astronomei. Frankfurt.
- Cameron-Ash, M. (2018). Lying for the Admiralty: Captain Cook's Endeavour Voyage. Sydney: Rosenberg. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-6480439-6-6.
- John George Bartholomew and the naming of Antarctica, CAIRT Issue 13, National Library of Scotland, July 2008, ISSN 1477-4186, and also "The Bartholomew Archive".
- "Resource Library: Antarctica". National Geographic. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- Wehi, Priscilla M.; Scott, Nigel J.; Beckwith, Jacinta; Pryor Rodgers, Rata; Gillies, Tasman; Van Uitregt, Vincent; Krushil, Watene (2021). "A short scan of Māori journeys to Antarctica". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: 1–12. doi:10.1080/03036758.2021.1917633.
- Smith, Stephenson Percy (1899). Hawaiki: the whence of the Maori, being an introduction to Rarotongan history: Part III. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Volume 8. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- Henriques, Martha. "The bones that could shape Antarctica's fate". BBC Future. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- Flinders, Matthew (1814). A voyage to Terra Australis. Introduction: G. and W. Nicol. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
- "Age of Exploration: John Cook". The Mariners' Museum. Archived from the original on 7 February 2006. Retrieved 12 February 2006.
- Cook, James (2003). Philip Edwards (ed.). The Journals of Captain Cook. Penguin Books. p. 250. ISBN 978-0141928081.
- Beaglehole, John C. (1968). Cook, Journals, vol.2. Cambridge: Hakluyt Society. p. 643, n.3. ISBN 978-1-4724-5324-2.
- U.S. Antarctic Program External Panel of the National Science Foundation. "Antarctica – Past and Present" (PDF). Government of the United States. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2006. Retrieved 6 February 2006.
- Guthridge, Guy G. "Nathaniel Brown Palmer, 1799–1877". Government of the United States, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 2 February 2006. Retrieved 6 February 2006.
- "Palmer Station". University of the City of San Diego. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 3 March 2008.
- "Экспозиции: Антарктика" [Exhibition: Antarctica]. Polar Museum (in Russian).
- "An Antarctic Time Line: 1519–1959". South-Pole.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 12 February 2006.
- "Antarctic Explorers Timeline: Early 1800s". Polar Radar for Ice Sheet Measurements (PRISM). Retrieved 12 February 2006.
- Sailing Directions (Planning Guide & Enroute) for Antarctica (4 ed.). Defense Mapping Agency, Hydrographic/Topographic Center. 2002. p. 10. ISBN 978-1577853589.
- Erki Tammiksaar (14 December 2013). "Punane Bellingshausen" [Red Bellingshausen]. Postimees.Arvamus. Kultuur (in Estonian).
- Armstrong, Terence E. (September 1971). "Bellingshausen and the discovery of Antarctica". Polar Record. 15 (99): 887–889. doi:10.1017/S0032247400062112.
- Bourke, Jane (2004). Amazing Antarctica. Ready-Ed Publications. ISBN 978-1-86397-584-1.
- Joyner, Christopher C. (1992). Antarctica and the Law of the Sea. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 5.
- Primary society and environment: Book F. Australia: R.I.C. Publications. 2001. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-74126-127-1.
- "Proposition de classement du rocher du débarquement dans le cadre des sites et monuments historiques" (in French). Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting 2006, note 4.
- "Voyage au Pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée", exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837–1838–1839–1840 sous le commandement de M.J. Dumont-d'Urville, capitaine de vaisseau" (in French). Vol. 8. Paris: Gide publisher. 1842–1846. pp. 149–152. gallica.bnf.fr, BNF.
- "South-Pole – Exploring Antarctica". South-Pole.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2006. Retrieved 12 February 2006.
- "Antarctic Circle – Antarctic First". 9 February 2005. Archived from the original on 8 February 2006. Retrieved 12 February 2006.
- "Tannatt William Edgeworth David". Australian Antarctic Division. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- "Roald Amundsen". South-Pole.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2006.
- Cunningham, Robert; Jatko, Joyce (1998). Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Proposal to Modernize Through Reconstruction and Replacement of Key Facilities. National Science Foundation. p. 7.
- "Richard Byrd". 70South.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2006.
- "Women in Antarctica: Sharing this Life-Changing Experience" Archived 10 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, transcript of speech by Robin Burns, given at the 4th Annual Phillip Law Lecture; Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; 18 June 2005. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- "The first woman in Antarctica". www.antarctica.gov.au. Australian Antarctic Division. 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- Blackadder, Jesse (October 2013). Illuminations : casting light upon the earliest female travellers to Antarctica (Doctor of Creative Arts). University of Western Sydney.
- Bogen, H. (1957). Main events in the history of Antarctic exploration. Sandefjord: Norwegian Whaling Gazette, p. 85
- "Dates in American Naval History: October". Naval History and Heritage Command. United States Navy. Archived from the original on 26 June 2004. Retrieved 12 February 2006.
- "First Women at Pole". South Pole Station. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- Ousland, Børge (13 December 2013). "Børge Ousland: How I crossed Antarctica alone". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
- "O'Brady's Antarctic Crossing: Was It Really Unassisted?". Explorersweb. 27 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- "Fastest unsupported (kite assisted) journey to the South Pole taking just 34 days". Guinness World Records.
- Drewry, D.J., ed. (1983). Antarctica: Glaciological and Geophysical Folio. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-901021-04-5.
- Lotha, Gloria; et al. (20 July 1998). "Transantarctic Mountains". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- "How Stuff Works: polar ice caps". howstuffworks.com. 21 September 2000. Archived from the original on 4 February 2006. Retrieved 12 February 2006.
- Fountain, Andrew G.; Nylen, Thomas H.; Monaghan, Andrew; Basagic, Hassan J.; Bromwich, David (7 May 2009). "Snow in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica". International Journal of Climatology. Royal Meteorological Society. 30 (5): 633–642. doi:10.1002/joc.1933. Retrieved 12 October 2020 – via Wiley Online Library.
- Vaughan, David C. (20 August 2008). "West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse – the fall and rise of a paradigm". Climatic Change. Springer Science+Business Media. 91 (1–2): 65–79. Bibcode:2008ClCh...91...65V. doi:10.1007/s10584-008-9448-3. S2CID 154732005. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- Hallberg, Robert; Sergienko, Olga (2019). "Ice Sheet Dynamics". Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
- Siegert, Martin (2008). Fabio Florindo (ed.). Antarctic Climate Evolution. Elsevier Science. p. 532. ISBN 9780080931616.
- Monteath, Colin (1997). Hall & Ball Kiwi Mountaineers : from Mount Cook to Everest. Cloudcap. p. 135. ISBN 9780938567424.
- British Antarctic Survey. "Volcanoes". Natural Environment Research Council. Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2006.
- "Scientists Discover Undersea Volcano Off Antarctica". United States National Science Foundation. Retrieved 13 February 2006.
- Briggs, Helen (19 April 2006). "Secret rivers found in Antarctic". BBC News. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
- "Lake Vostok". United States National Science Foundation. Retrieved 13 February 2006.
- Abe, Shige; Bortman, Henry (13 April 2001). "Focus on Europa". NASA. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
- Coulter, Dana. Tony Phillips (ed.). "Extremophile Hunt Begins". Science News. NASA. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- Stirone, Shannon (7 September 2018). "New Antarctica Map Is Like 'Putting on Glasses for the First Time and Seeing 20/20' – A high resolution terrain map of Earth's frozen continent will help researchers better track changes on the ice as the planet warms". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
- "Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica". Polar Geospatial Center. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- Browne, Malcolm W.; et al. (1995). Antarctic News Clips. National Science Foundation. p. 109. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- Lucas, Mike (1996). Antarctica. New Holland Publishers. p. 14. ISBN 9781853687433. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- Klages, Johann P.; et al. (April 2020). "Temperate rainforests near the South Pole during peak Cretaceous warmth". Nature. 580 (7801): 81–86. Bibcode:2020Natur.580...81K. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2148-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32238944. S2CID 214736648.
- Bartholomew, Mervin J. (1984). The Grenville Event in the Appalachians and Related Topics. Geological Society of America Special Papers. 194. Geological Society of America. p. 31. doi:10.1130/SPE194. ISBN 9780813721941.
- Rolland, Yann; et al. (15 January 2019). "Late Paleozoic Ice Age glaciers shaped East Antarctica landscape". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Elsevier. 506: 125–126. Bibcode:2019E&PSL.506..123R. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.10.044.
- Cantrill, David J.; Poole, Imogen (2012). "Collapsing ice sheets and evolving polar forests of the middle to late Paleozoic". The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–104. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139024990.003. ISBN 978-1-139-02499-0.
- Stonehouse, Bernard, ed. (June 2002). Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-98665-2.
- J.W. Collinson, W.R. Hammer Migration of Triassic tetrapods to Antarctica A.K. Cooper, C.R. Raymond, et al. (Eds.), Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES X, USGS Open-File Report 2007-1047, Extended Abstract, 047 (2007) (3 pp.)
- Cantrill, David J.; Poole, Imogen (2012). "Icehouse to hothouse: floral turnover, the Permian–Triassic crisis and Triassic vegetation". The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 105–160. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139024990.004. ISBN 978-1-139-02499-0.
- Zachos, Frank (2018). "Diversity of Non-Mammalian Synapsids". In Frank Zachos; Robert Asher (eds.). Mammalian Evolution, Diversity and Systematics. De Gruyter. p. 163. ISBN 9783110341553.
- Jasinoski, Sandra C.; et al. (2013). "Anatomical Plasticity in the Snout of Lystrosaurus". In Christian F. Kammerer; Jörg Frobisch; Kenneth D. Angielczyk (eds.). Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida. Springer Netherlands. p. 139. ISBN 9789400768413.
- Birkenmajer, Krzysztof (1994). "Evolution of the Pacific margin of the northern Antarctic Peninsula: An overview". International Journal of Earth Sciences. 83 (2): 309–321. Bibcode:1994GeoRu..83..309B. doi:10.1007/BF00210547 (inactive 31 May 2021).
- Cantrill, David J.; Poole, Imogen (2012). The Vegetation of Antarctica Through Geological Time. Cambridge University Press. pp. 9, 35, 56, 71, 185, 314. ISBN 9781139560283.
- Crame, James Alistair (1989). "Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota". Special Publications. Geological Society of London. 47: 90. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.01. S2CID 131433262.
- Riffenburgh, Beau (2006). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. Routledge. p. 413. ISBN 9780415970242.
- Smith, Nathan D.; Pol, Diego (2007). "Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 52 (4): 657–674.
- Coria, R. A.; Moly, J. J.; Reguero, M.; Santillana, S.; Marenssi, S. (2013). "A new ornithopod (Dinosauria; Ornithischia) from Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 41: 186–193. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.12.004.
- Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolin, Federico L.; Novas, Novas; Rolando, Alexis M.Aranciaga; Motta, Matías J.; Lirio, Juan M.; Isasi, Marcelo P. (2016). "A new ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica and its palaeobiogeographical implications". Cretaceous Research. 57: 311–324. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.009.
- Ely, Ricardo C.; Case, Judd A. (April 2019). "Phylogeny of A New Gigantic Paravian (Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Maniraptora) From The Upper Cretaceous Of James Ross Island, Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 101: 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.04.003.
- Leslie, Mitch (December 2007). "The Strange Lives of Polar Dinosaurs". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 January 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
- Reinhold, Robert (21 March 1982). "Antarctica yields first land mammal fossil". The New York Times.
- "New CO2 data helps unlock the secrets of Antarctic formation". Physorg.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- Brooke, John L. (2014). Climate Change and the Course of Global History. Cambridge University Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780521871648.
- DeConto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (16 January 2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2". Nature. 421 (6920): 245–9. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638. S2CID 4326971.
- Trewby, Mary, ed. (September 2002). Antarctica: An Encyclopedia from Abbott Ice Shelf to Zooplankton. Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55297-590-9.
- Retallack, G.J.; Krull, E.S.; Bockheim, J.G. (2001). "New grounds for reassessing palaeoclimate of the Sirius Group". Journal of the Geological Society, London. 158 (6): 925–35. Bibcode:2001JGSoc.158..925R. doi:10.1144/0016-764901-030. S2CID 128906475.
- Weisburd, Stefi (March 1986). "A forest grows in Antarctica. (an extensive forest may have flourished about 3 million years ago)". Science News. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
- Yusuke Suganuma; Hideki Miura; Zondervan, Albert; Jun'ichi Okuno (August 2014). "East Antarctic deglaciation and the link to global cooling during the Quaternary: evidence from glacial geomorphology and 10Be surface exposure dating of the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land". Quaternary Science Reviews. 97: 102–120. Bibcode:2014QSRv...97..102S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.05.007.
- Black, Richard (20 January 2008). "Ancient Antarctic eruption noted". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
- "Antarctica's geology". Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) in partnership with the British Antarctic Survey and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Archived from the original on 22 November 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- Cash, Sally; et al. (2011). "The Changing Earth". Oxford Big Ideas Science (PDF). Oxford University Press. p. 234. ISBN 9780195577075.
- Adie, R. J. (26 May 1977). "The Geology of Antarctica: A Review". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society. 279 (963): 123–130. Bibcode:1977RSPTB.279..123A. doi:10.1098/rstb.1977.0077. JSTOR 2417757 – via JSTOR.
- Campbell, I.B.; Claridge, G.G.C., eds. (1987). "Chapter 2: The Geology and Geomorphology of Antarctica". Antarctica: Soils, Weathering Processes and Environment. Developments in Soil Science. 16. Elsevier Ltd. pp. 7–42. doi:10.1016/S0166-2481(08)70150-8. ISBN 9780444427847. ISSN 0166-2481 – via Elsevier.
- Paxman, Guy J. G.; et al. (27 February 2017). "Uplift and tilting of the Shackleton Range in East Antarctica driven by glacial erosion and normal faulting". Solid Earth. Journal of Geophysical Research. 122 (3): 2390–2408. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122.2390P. doi:10.1002/2016JB013841. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- Salvini, Francesco; et al. (10 November 1997). "Cenozoic geodynamics of the Ross Sea region, Antarctica: Crustal extension, intraplate strike‐slip faulting, and tectonic inheritance". Solid Earth. Journal of Geophysical Research. 102 (B11): 24669–24696. Bibcode:1997JGR...10224669S. doi:10.1029/97JB01643. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- Dodds, Klaus (12 July 2018). "In 30 years the Antarctic Treaty becomes modifiable, and the fate of a continent could hang in the balance". The Conservation.
- Lear, Caroline H.; Lunt, Dan J. (10 March 2016). "How Antarctica got its ice". Science. 352 (6281): 34–35. Bibcode:2016Sci...352...34L. doi:10.1126/science.aad6284. PMID 26966192. S2CID 206644221.
- Turner, John; et al. (2009). "Record low surface air temperature at Vostok station, Antarctica". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 114 (D24): D24102. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11424102T. doi:10.1029/2009JD012104. ISSN 2156-2202.
- Rice, Doyle (10 December 2013). "Antarctica records unofficial coldest temperature ever". USA Today.
- "WMO verifies one temperature record for Antarctic continent and rejects another". World Meteorological Organization. 1 July 2021. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- "Weather in the Antarctic". British Antarctic Survey. Natural Environment Research Council. Retrieved 9 February 2006.
- The Earth's Elliptical Orbit Around the Sun – Aphelion and Perihelion. Geography.about.com. Retrieved on 21 October 2013.
- Steig, E.J.; Schneider, D.P.; Rutherford, S.D.; Mann, M.E.; Comiso, J.C.; Shindell, D.T. (2009). "Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year". Nature. 457 (7228): 459–462. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..459S. doi:10.1038/nature07669. PMID 19158794. S2CID 4410477.
- Stammerjohn, Sharon E.; Scambos, Ted A. (2020). "Warming reaches the South Pole". Nature Climate Change. 10 (8): 710–711. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10..710S. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0827-8. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 220260051.
- Clem, Kyle R.; Fogt, Ryan L.; Turner, John; Lintner, Benjamin R.; Marshall, Gareth J.; Miller, James R.; Renwick, James A. (2020). "Record warming at the South Pole during the past three decades". Nature Climate Change. 10 (8): 762–770. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10..762C. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0815-z. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 220261150.
- Larson, Christina (8 February 2020). "Antarctica appears to have broken a heat record". Phys.org. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- Gillett, N. P.; Stone, D.I.A.; Stott, P.A.; Nozawa, T.; Karpechko, A.Y.; Hegerl, G.C.; Wehner, M.F.; Jones, P.D. (2008). "Attribution of polar warming to human influence". Nature Geoscience. 1 (11): 750. Bibcode:2008NatGe...1..750G. doi:10.1038/ngeo338.
- Steig, E.J.; Ding, Q.; White, J.W.C.; Küttel, M.; Rupper, S.B.; Neumann, T.A.; Neff, P.D.; Gallant, A.J.E.; Mayewski, P.A.; Taylor, K.C.; Hoffmann, G.; Dixon, D.A.; Schoenemann, S.W.; Markle, B.R.; Fudge, T.J.; Schneider, D.P.; Schauer, A.J.; Teel, R.P.; Vaughn, B.H.; Burgener, L.; Williams, J.; Korotkikh, E. (2013). "Recent climate and ice-sheet changes in West Antarctica compared with the past 2,000 years". Nature Geoscience. 6 (5): 372. Bibcode:2013NatGe...6..372S. doi:10.1038/ngeo1778. hdl:2060/20150001452.
- Meredith, M.; Sommerkorn, M.; Cassotta, S.; Derksen, C.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 3: Polar Regions" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. p. 212.
- Glasser, Neil (10 February 2008). "Antarctic Ice Shelf Collapse Blamed on More Than Climate Change". ScienceDaily.
- "Huge Antarctic ice chunk collapses". CNN. Associated Press. 25 March 2008. Archived from the original on 29 March 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
- Walton, Marsha (25 March 2008). "Massive ice shelf on verge of breakup". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 March 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
- "Ice Bridge Holding Antarctic Shelf in Place Shatters". The New York Times. Reuters. 5 April 2009. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- "Ice bridge ruptures in Antarctic". BBC News. 5 April 2009. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- Thomas, David Neville (2007). Surviving Antarctica. Natural History Museum. p. 24. ISBN 978-0565092177.
- Beagley, J.W. (1965). Trevor Hatherton (ed.). Antarctica. Methuen Publishing. p. 236. OCLC 487165.
- Scott, Michon (28 April 2020). "Understanding climate: Antarctic sea ice extent". NOAA Climate.gov. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- Meredith, M.; Sommerkorn, M.; Cassotta, S.; Derksen, C.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 3: Polar Regions" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. p. 214.
- Rignot, E.; Casassa, G.; Gogineni, P.; Krabill, W.; Rivera, A.; Thomas, R. (2004). "Accelerated ice discharge from the Antarctic Peninsula following the collapse of Larsen B ice shelf" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 31 (18): L18401. Bibcode:2004GeoRL..3118401R. doi:10.1029/2004GL020697. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- Oppenheimer, M.; Glavovic, B.; Hinkel, J.; van de Wal, R.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. pp. 346–347.
- "Facts / Vital signs / Ice Sheets / Antarctica Mass Variation Since 2002". NASA. 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020.
- Bell, Robin E.; Seroussi, Helene (20 March 2020). "History, mass loss, structure, and dynamic behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet". Science. 367 (6484): 1321–1325. Bibcode:2020Sci...367.1321B. doi:10.1126/science.aaz5489. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32193319. S2CID 213191762.
- Shepherd, Andrew; Ivins, Erik; et al. (IMBIE team) (13 June 2018). "Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017" (PDF). Nature. 558 (7709): 219–222. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..219I. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0179-y. hdl:2268/225208. PMID 29899482. S2CID 49188002. Lay summary – Ars Technica (13 June 2018).
- Rignot, Eric; Mouginot, Jérémie; Scheuchl, Bernd; van den Broeke, Michiel; van Wessem, Melchior J.; Morlighem, Mathieu (2019). "Four decades of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979–2017". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (4): 1095–1103. doi:10.1073/pnas.1812883116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6347714. PMID 30642972.
- Martin‐Español, Alba; Bamber, Jonathan L.; Zammit‐Mangion, Andrew (2017). "Constraining the mass balance of East Antarctica". Geophysical Research Letters. 44 (9): 4168–4175. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.4168M. doi:10.1002/2017GL072937. ISSN 1944-8007.
- Pattyn, Frank; Morlighem, Mathieu (20 March 2020). "The uncertain future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet". Science. 367 (6484): 1331–1335. Bibcode:2020Sci...367.1331P. doi:10.1126/science.aaz5487. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32193321. S2CID 213191697.
- Porterfield, Carlie (28 April 2021). "One Of Antarctica's Largest Ice Shelves Is About To Collapse, New Study Says". Forbes.
- Bates, Sofie (30 October 2020). "Large, Deep Antarctic Ozone Hole Persisting into November". NASA. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- Schiermeier, Quirin (12 August 2009). "Atmospheric science: Fixing the sky". Nature. 460 (7257): 792–795. doi:10.1038/460792a. PMID 19675624.
- "Record-breaking 2020 ozone hole closes". World Meteorological Organization. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Advanced Supercomputing Division (NAS) (26 June 2001). "The Antarctic Ozone hole". Government of the United States. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
- "Ozone hole set to close". Space Daily. Space Media Network. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
- Turner J.; Comiso J.C.; Marshall G.J.; Lachlan-Cope T.A.; Bracegirdle T.; Maksym T.; Meredith M.P., Wang Z.; Orr A. (2009). "Non-annular atmospheric circulation change induced by stratospheric ozone depletion and its role in the recent increase of Antarctic sea ice extent" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 36 (8): L08502. Bibcode:2009GeoRL..36.8502T. doi:10.1029/2009GL037524.
- Xia, Yan; Hu, Yongyun; Liu, Jiping; Huang, Yi; Xie, Fei; Lin, Jintai (2020). "Stratospheric Ozone-induced Cloud Radiative Effects on Antarctic Sea Ice". Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 37 (5): 505–514. Bibcode:2020AdAtS..37..505X. doi:10.1007/s00376-019-8251-6. ISSN 1861-9533. S2CID 209935487.
- Fraser, Ceridwen (11 March 2014). "Antarctic volcanoes help preserve life in the freezer". The Conversation.
- Sandro, Luke; Constible, Juanita. "Antarctic Bestiary – Terrestrial Animals". Laboratory for Ecophysiological Cryobiology, Miami University. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- Kim, S; Oh, M; Jung, W; Park, J; Choi, HG; Shin, SC (2017). "Genome sequencing of the winged midge, Parochlus steinenii, from the Antarctic Peninsula". Gigascience. 6 (3): 1–8. doi:10.1093/gigascience/giw009. PMC 5467013. PMID 28327954.
- Boopendranath, M.R. (February 2013). "Antarctic krill – a keystone species of Antarctica". Science India. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- British Antarctic Survey. "Land Animals of Antarctica". Natural Environment Research Council. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- Ancel, André; Beaulieu, Michaël; Gilbert, Caroline (January 2013). "The different breeding strategies of penguins: A review". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 336 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2013.02.002. PMID 23537764. Retrieved 12 October 2020 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- "Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea". BirdLife International. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- James Willard Nybekken; T.L. Vallier; William W. Broenkow, eds. (2003). Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Marine Sciences. Grolier Academic Reference. p. 51. ISBN 9780717259465.
- Stromberg, O.; et al. (1991). Takahisa Nemoto; John Mauchline (eds.). Marine Biology: Its Accomplishment and Future Prospect. Elsevier. p. 247. ISBN 9784938424329.
- "Weddell Seal". Oceanwide Expeditions. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- Staniland, Iain J.; Ratcliffe, Norman; Trathan, Philip N.; Forcada, Jaume (2018). "Long term movements and activity patterns of an Antarctic marine apex predator: The leopard seal". PLOS ONE. 13 (6): e0197767. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1397767S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197767. PMC 5988266. PMID 29870541.
- Kinver, Mark (15 February 2009). "Ice oceans 'are not poles apart'". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- British Antarctic Survey. "Plants of Antarctica". Natural Environment Research Council. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- Bridge, Paul D.; Spooner, Brian M.; Roberts, Peter J. (2008). "Non-lichenized fungi from the Antarctic region". Mycotaxon. 106: 485–490. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- Selbmann, L; de Hoog, G S; Mazzaglia, A; Friedmann, E. I.; Onofri, S (2005). "Fungi at the edge of life: cryptoendolithic black fungi from Antarctic desert" (PDF). Studies in Mycology. 51: 1–32.
- Onofri, S.; Selbmann, L.; Zucconi, L.; Scalzi, G.; Venkateswaran, K.J.; de la Torre, R.; de Vera, J.-P.; Ott, S.; Rabbow, E. & Horneck, G. "Survival of Black Fungi in Space, Preliminary Results" (PDF). Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- de Hoog, G.S. (2005). "Fungi of the Antarctic: evolution under extreme conditions". Studies in Mycology. 51: 1–79.
- "Antarctica was once green: Scientists". Telangana Today. IASN. 15 April 2017. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017.
- Chwedorzewska, K.J. (2015). "Poa annua L. in the maritime Antarctic: an overview". Polar Record. 51 (6): 637–643. doi:10.1017/S0032247414000916. S2CID 84747627.
- Australian Antarctic Division. "Antarctic Wildlife". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- Gorman, James (6 February 2013). "Bacteria Found Deep Under Antarctic Ice, Scientists Say". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
- Bridge, Paul D.; Hughes, Kevin. A. (2010). "Conservation issues for Antarctic fungi". Mycologia Balcanica. 7 (1): 73–76. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- Kirby, Alex (15 August 2001). "Toothfish at risk from illegal catches". BBC News. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- "Toothfish". Australian Antarctic Division. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- "Flock of Antarctica's Orthodox temple celebrates Holy Trinity Day". Serbian Orthodox Church. 24 May 2004. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
- Владимир Петраков: 'Антарктика – это особая атмосфера, где живут очень интересные люди' [Vladimir Petrakov: "Antarctic is a special world, full of very interesting people"]. Pravoslavye (in Russian). 28 April 2021.
- Headland, Robert (1984). The Island of South Georgia. Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. p. 238. ISBN 0521252741.
- Headland, Robert K. (1984). The Island of South Georgia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12, 130. ISBN 978-0-521-25274-4. OCLC 473919719.
- Russel, Alan (1986). Norris McWhirter (ed.). The Guinness Book of Records. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 17. ISBN 978-0806947686.
- Old Antarctic Explorers Association. "This Quarter in History" (PDF). Explorer's Gazette. 9 (1): 9. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
- Bone, James (13 November 2007). "The power games that threaten world's last pristine wilderness". The Times.
- "Questions to the Sun for the 2002–03 season". The Antarctic Sun. Archived from the original on 11 February 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2006.
- "Registro Civil Base Esperanza" (in Spanish). Argentine Army. 22 December 2017. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010.
- Corporación de Defensa de la Soberanía. "Derechos soberanos antárticos de Chile" (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 November 2011.
- Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005). "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean". In Von Tigerstrom, Barbara (ed.). International Law Issues in the South Pacific. Ashgate Publishing. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-7546-4419-4. "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
- Rapp, Ole Magnus (21 September 2015). "Norge utvider Dronning Maud Land helt frem til Sydpolen". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
... formålet med anneksjonen var å legge under seg det landet som til nå ligger herreløst og som ingen andre enn nordmenn har kartlagt og gransket. Norske myndigheter har derfor ikke motsatt seg at noen tolker det norske kravet slik at det går helt opp til og inkluderer polpunktet.
- "Antarctic Treaty System – Parties". Antarctic Treaty and the Secretariat. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- "Antarctic Treaty". Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. Archived from the original on 6 February 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2006.
- "Argentina in Antarctica". Antarctica Institute of Argentina. Archived from the original on 6 March 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2006.
- "Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition". Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- "World Park Antarctica". Greenpeace.org. Greenpeace International. 25 February 2010. Archived from the original on 15 March 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- "Greenpeace applauds Antarctic protection victory" (Press release). Greenpeace International. 14 January 1998. Archived from the original on 20 February 2006.
- "Antarctica: exploration or exploitation?". New Scientist. 22 June 1991.
- "Mining Issues in Antarctica" (PDF). Antarctica New Zealand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2005. Retrieved 1 September 2003.
- "Antarctica, a tale of two treaties". New Scientist. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- "The Madrid Protocol". Australian Antarctic Division. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- Bobo, Jack A. "Antarctic Treaty Papers". Archived from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
- "Protocol on Environmental Protection To The Antarctic Treaty (The Madrid Protocol)". Australian Antarctic Programme. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- "Shipping in polar waters". IMO. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
- "The Polar Code, One Year On". The Maritime Executive. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
- "The Foreign Secretary has announced that the southern part of British Antarctic Territory has been named Queen Elizabeth Land". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. HM Government. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
"Argentina angry after Antarctic territory named after Queen". BBC News. 22 December 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
- "Argentina 'will control Falklands within 20 years'". BBC News. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005). "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean". In Von Tigerstrom, Barbara (ed.). International Law Issues in the South Pacific. Ashgate Publishing. p. 204. ISBN 0-7546-4419-7.
- "La Antartica". Library.jid.org. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
- Afese.com Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. (PDF) . Retrieved on 19 July 2011.
- Morris, Michael (1988). The Strait of Magellan. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-7923-0181-3.
... Brazil has even designated a zone of Antarctic interest that overlaps the Argentine sector but not the Chilean one ...
- "Disputes – international". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
... the US and Russia reserve the right to make claims ...
- "Natural Resources". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- "Fisheries News". mecropress. 30 November 2003. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- "Final Report, 30th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting". Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. Archived from the original (DOC) on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
- "Politics of Antarctica". Archived from the original on 14 February 2005. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
- "2015–2016 Tourists by Nationality Total". IAATO. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
- Kruszelnicki, Karl (2018). Vital Science. Pan Macmillan Australia. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9781760783471.
- Rowe, Mark (11 February 2006). "Tourism threatens Antarctic". London: Telegraph UK. Archived from the original on 24 February 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
- Erceg 2017, p. 36
- Erceg 2017, p. 120
- see ISO 4217
- Symes, Peter (2002). "Private Issues – The Antarctica Issues and the NORFED Issues". Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- Davis, Georgina (30 January 2017). "A history of McMurdo Station through its architecture". Polar Record. Cambridge University Press. 53 (2): 167–185. doi:10.1017/S0032247416000747. S2CID 132258248 – via Cambridge Core.
- Stoddart, Michael (August 2010). "'Antarctic biology in the 21st century – Advances in, and beyond the international polar year 2007–2008'". Polar Science. 4 (2): 97–101. Bibcode:2010PolSc...4...97S. doi:10.1016/j.polar.2010.04.004 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- "Human Biology and Medicine". Australian Antarctic Programme. 16 September 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- Douglass, Anne R.; Newman, Paul A.; Solomon, Susan (1 July 2014). "The Antarctic ozone hole: An update". Physics Today. American Institute of Physics. 67 (7): 42–48. Bibcode:2014PhT....67g..42D. doi:10.1063/PT.3.2449. hdl:1721.1/99159 – via MIT Open Access Articles.
- Graham, Rex (15 July 2014). "Adelie Penguins thriving amid Antarctica's melting ice". Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
- Rejcek, Peter (2 December 2013). "Polar Geospatial Center Releases New Application with High-Res Satellite Imagery". The Antarctic Sun. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
- Belgian Science Policy Office Archived 4 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine – Princess Elisabeth Station
- "Science in Antarctica". Antarctic Connection. Archived from the original on 7 February 2006. Retrieved 4 February 2006.
"Meteorites from Antarctica". NASA. Archived from the original on 6 March 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2006.